| 引用本文： |
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彭小燕,庞敏倩,彭梦微,舒俊林,陈志彪,蓝文陆,邓应彬.广西封闭式海水养殖尾水污染排放特征及防治对策研究[J].广西科学,2025,32(1):27-36. [点击复制]
- PENG Xiaoyan,PANG Minqian,PENG Mengwei,SHU Junlin,CHEN Zhibiao,LAN Wenlu,DENG Yingbin.Discharge Characteristics of Tailwater from Closed Mariculture and Prevention Measures in Guangxi[J].Guangxi Sciences,2025,32(1):27-36. [点击复制]
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解广西封闭式海水养殖尾水污染的排放特征及其差异原因，并据此提出针对性污染防治对策，于2021年对广西沿海主要海水养殖区的池塘养殖、工厂化养殖和育苗场3种封闭式养殖方式的养殖尾水进行大范围监测。对比分析不同养殖方式、养殖类型尾水中主要污染物悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、总氮(TN)、无机氮(DIN)、总磷(TP)和活性磷酸盐(DIP)的浓度特征，并采用广西地方标准《海水养殖尾水排放标准》(DB45/T 2841-2024)一级排放限值、内梅罗综合污染指数(N)、营养状态质量指数(NQI)等开展尾水污染状况的综合评价。结果表明，3种养殖方式的尾水主要污染因子平均浓度和超标率高低均表现为池塘养殖＞育苗场＞工厂化养殖，不同养殖类型的池塘尾水主要污染因子平均浓度和超标率高低表现为单养虾＞混养＞单养鱼＞单养蟹。养殖尾水达到重度及以上污染等级的养殖点位占总调查点位的比例为57.8%，NQI处于富营养化等级的养殖点位占比为76.5%；单养虾池塘处于重度及以上污染、富营养化等级的点位占比最高，工厂化养殖无重度污染点位且富营养化等级点位的占比最低。封闭式海水养殖尾水的排污强度与养殖方式、养殖品种、养殖密度、养殖技术和尾水治理设施有关，因此本研究从尾水分类治理、养殖方式优化、推广生态养殖3个方面提出了污染防治对策建议，拟为加强封闭式海水养殖污染防治、持续改善近岸海域环境质量提供技术支撑。 |
| 关键词: 封闭式海水养殖 尾水 排放特征 防治对策 |
| DOI：10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.20250529.001 |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-06修订日期：2024-11-20 |
| 基金项目:广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD23026330)，广西重点研发计划(桂科AB24010128)，北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目(桂科23-026-271)和2023年广东省生态环境专项资金项目(GDEEMC-2023-36)资助. |
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| Discharge Characteristics of Tailwater from Closed Mariculture and Prevention Measures in Guangxi |
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PENG Xiaoyan1, PANG Minqian1, PENG Mengwei1, SHU Junlin1, CHEN Zhibiao1, LAN Wenlu1, DENG Yingbin2
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| (1.Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai, Guangxi, 536000, China;2.Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510070, China) |
| Abstract: |
| This paper aims to understand the tailwater discharge characteristics of closed mariculture in Guangxi and reasons for the differences and to propose effective prevention measures.Large-scale monitoring was carried out in 2021 for pond,factory,and nursery modes.The concentrations of the main pollution factors including Suspended Solids (SS),Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODMn),Total Nitrogen (TN),Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN),Total Phosphorus (TP),and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) were compared among different mariculture modes and types.The Guangxi local standard “Discharge standard of tailwater for mariculture (DB45/T 2841-2024)” class Ⅰ emission limits,Nemerow index (N),and Nutrition Quality Index (NQI) were adopted for the comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the average concentrations and the over-limit rates of main pollution factors followed the descending order of pond>nursery>factory,and the average concentrations and the over-limit rate of different types of pond aquaculture were in the order of shrimp monoculture>polyculture>fish monoculture>crab monoculture.The sampling points with severe pollution or above accounted for 57.8% of the total sampling points,and those with NQI at the eutrophication level accounted for 76.5%.Shrimp monoculture in ponds had the highest proportion of sampling points with heavy pollution or above and eutrophication levels,and factory mariculture had the lowest proportion of sampling points without heavy pollution and eutrophication levels.The tailwater discharge intensity from closed mariculture was related to the mariculture mode,species,density,technology and tailwater management facilities.The pollution prevention and control measures are proposed regarding three aspects:classification and treatment of tailwater,optimization of mariculture mode,and promotion of ecological culture,to strengthen the prevention and control of closed mariculture pollution and provide support for the continuous improvement of the environmental quality of nearshore marine areas. |
| Key words: closed mariculture tailwater discharge characteristics prevention measures |
