| 引用本文： |
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张红岩,谢俊杰,闫祎哲,韦玉玲,申乃坤.微生物几丁质脱乙酰酶的研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2026,42(2):119-132. [点击复制]
- ZHANG Hongyan,XIE Junjie,YAN Yizhe,WEI Yuling,SHEN Naikun.Research Progress of Microbial Chitin Deacetylase[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2026,42(2):119-132. [点击复制]
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| 摘要: |
| 几丁质(Chitin)是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的天然高分子多糖，其脱乙酰产物壳聚糖(Chitosan)因理化性质优异而备受工业生产的青睐。几丁质脱乙酰酶(Chitin deacetylase，CDA)可在温和条件下将几丁质脱乙酰化为活性更高的壳聚糖，该过程具有绿色环保、反应高效、专一性强及耗能低等优点，是目前几丁质脱乙酰研究领域的热点。然而，CDA存在酶活偏低、易受产物反馈抑制以及对结晶几丁质催化效率偏低等一系列问题，严重制约其大规模工业化应用。因此，本文对自20世纪80年代以来的CDA研究进展进行综述，重点介绍CDA的发展历程、酶学性质及其脱乙酰机制，并对CDA催化几丁质的产物壳聚糖的应用研究进行了探讨；最后从极端环境挖掘新酶、酶活性中心的计算辅助设计改造、产物抑制解除及发酵过程调控等方面展望了CDA催化性能与表达效率提升的潜在途径，以期为几丁质资源的高效生物转化利用提供理论参考。 |
| 关键词: 几丁质 壳聚糖 几丁质脱乙酰酶 脱乙酰模式 催化机制 |
| DOI：10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20260819.001 |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-17修订日期：2026-04-05 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32560023)，广西“尖峰”行动计划项目(桂科JF2504850012)和广西民族大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202410608026，202310608017，S202510608309)资助。 |
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| Research Progress of Microbial Chitin Deacetylase |
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ZHANG Hongyan, XIE Junjie, YAN Yizhe, WEI Yuling, SHEN Naikun
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| (Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530006, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymeric polysaccharide in nature,ranking only behind cellulose.Its deacetylated product,chitosan,is highly favored in industrial production due to its excellent physicochemical properties.Chitin deacetylase (CDA) is capable of converting chitin into chitosan with enhanced bioactivity under mild reaction conditions.The enzymatic process features green sustainability,high efficiency,excellent substrate specificity,and low energy requirements,and has therefore become a hot spot of current research in the field of chitin deacetylation.However,CDA has a series of problems such as low enzyme activity,susceptibility to product feedback inhibition,and low catalytic efficiency for crystalline chitin,which seriously restricts its large-scale industrial application.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of CDA since the 1980s,focusing on the development process,enzymatic properties and deacetylation mechanism of CDA,and discusses the application of chitosan,the product of chitin catalyzed by CDA.Finally,potential approaches for improving the catalytic performance and expression efficiency of CDA were prospected from the aspects of mining novel enzymes from extreme environments,computer-aided design and transformation of the enzyme active center,alleviation of product inhibition,and regulation of fermentation processes,so as to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient bioconversion and utilization of chitin resources. |
| Key words: chitin chitosan chitin deacetylase pattern of deacetylation catalytic mechanism |
