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姚海君,耿晓晓,冯子乔,林概,黄雪莲,翁文明.海南大洲岛海草资源分布现状及保护建议[J].广西科学院学报,2026,42(1):36-45. [点击复制]
- YAO Haijun,GENG Xiaoxiao,FENG Ziqiao,LIN Gai,HUANG Xuelian,WENG Wenming.Distribution Status and Conservation Suggestion of Seagrass Resources in Dazhou Island,Hainan[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2026,42(1):36-45. [点击复制]
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| 海南大洲岛海草资源分布现状及保护建议 |
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姚海君1, 耿晓晓2, 冯子乔1, 林概3, 黄雪莲3, 翁文明1
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| (1.海南蓝泰邦生物技术有限公司, 海南海口 570100;2.海南大学, 海南海口 570228;3.三亚市林业科学研究院, 海南三亚 572022) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为科学评估海南大洲岛海草资源状况并明确保护修复需求，本研究于2020年8月(湿季)对大洲岛周边海域进行走航调查、踏查及断面样方调查，结合2016—2019年定点监测资料，分析其海草种类组成、分布面积、盖度、直立茎密度、生物量的年际变化，并同步监测水质环境因子与重金属指标，通过Pearson相关性分析与Mantel检验评估水质环境因子对海草生长的驱动作用。结果表明，大洲岛海草有2科4属4种，分别为圆叶丝粉草(Cymodocea rotundata)、单脉二药草(Halodule uninervis)、泰来草(Thalassia hemprichii)和卵叶喜盐草(Halophila ovalis)，优势种为泰来草、卵叶喜盐草。海草总面积为2.36 hm2,主要分布于前港和后港；海草盖度、直立茎密度和生物量均表现出明显的空间异质性，高值区主要集中于后港。2016—2020年的调查结果显示，海草床的群落结构年际波动明显，其中2016年与2018年未记录到海草；年际尺度上仅生物量与溶解氧(DO)之间的相关性达到极显著水平。2020年单次调查结果显示，无机氮(DIN)、铜(Cu)与海草盖度、直立茎密度、生物量、株高呈正相关，而盐度(SAL)、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、悬浮物(SS)及砷(As)与上述海草生长指标呈负相关。建议强化保护区规范化管理、建立原位监测体系及开展生态修复，以保障大洲岛海草生态系统的可持续健康发展。 |
| 关键词: 大洲岛 分布现状 海草 变化趋势 |
| DOI：10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20260424.004 |
| 投稿时间：2025-11-24修订日期：2026-01-24 |
| 基金项目:海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024SHFZ146，ZDYF2025SHFZ037)和海南省高层次人才项目(421RC662)资助。 |
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| Distribution Status and Conservation Suggestion of Seagrass Resources in Dazhou Island,Hainan |
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YAO Haijun1, GENG Xiaoxiao2, FENG Ziqiao1, LIN Gai3, HUANG Xuelian3, WENG Wenming1
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| (1.Hainan Lantaibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China;2.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China;3.Sanya Institute of Forestry Science, Sanya, Hainan, 572022, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to scientifically assess the status of seagrass resources in Dazhou Island of Hainan and identify the needs of conservation and restoration,this study was based on a shipborne survey,field investigation and quadrat transect survey conducted in the sea area around Dazhou Island in August 2020 (wet season).Combined with fixed-point monitoring data from 2016 to 2019,the interannual variations in seagrass species composition,distribution area,coverage,erect stem density and biomass were analyzed.Water quality environmental factors and heavy metal indicators were monitored simultaneously.Pearson correlation analysis and Mantel test were used to evaluate the driving effects of water quality environmental factors on seagrass growth.The results showed that there were 2 families,4 genera and 4 species of seagrass in Dazhou Island,including Cymodocea rotundata,Halodule uninervis,Thalassia hemprichii and Halophila ovalis.The dominant species were T.hemprichii and Halophila ovalis.The total area of seagrass was 2.36 hm2,mainly distributed in Qiangang and Hougang.The coverage,erect stem density and biomass of seagrass showed obvious spatial heterogeneity,and the high value areas were mainly concentrated in Hougang.The results of the survey from 2016 to 2020 showed that the interannual fluctuation in community structure of seagrass beds was significant,and seagrasses were not recorded in 2016 and 2018.On the interannual scale,only the correlation between biomass and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) reached a very significant level.The results of a single survey in 2020 showed that Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and Copper (Cu) were positively correlated with seagrass coverage,erect stem density,biomass and plant height. While salinity (SAL),pH value,Dissolved Oxygen (DO),Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),Suspended Solids (SS) and Arsenic (As) were negatively correlated with the above seagrass growth indicators.It is suggested to strengthen the standardized management of protected areas,establish an in-situ monitoring system and carry out ecological restoration to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of seagrass ecosystems in Dazhou Island. |
| Key words: Dazhou Island distribution status seagrass variation trend |
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