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沈捷,王静,陈石泉,蔡泽富,张剑,贾舒雯,王道儒.海南岛及其近岸海草地理分布与影响因素分析[J].广西科学院学报,2026,42(1):13-24. [点击复制]
- SHEN Jie,WANG Jing,CHEN Shiquan,CAI Zefu,ZHANG Jian,JIA Shuwen,WANG Daoru.Analysis of the Geographical Distribution and Influencing Factors of Seagrass Resources in Hainan Island and Its Coastal Areas[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2026,42(1):13-24. [点击复制]
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| 海南岛及其近岸海草地理分布与影响因素分析 |
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沈捷1,2,3, 王静4, 陈石泉1,2,3, 蔡泽富1,2,3, 张剑1,3, 贾舒雯1,2,3, 王道儒1,2,3
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| (1.海南省海洋与渔业科学院, 海南海口 570125;2.海南热带海洋学院崖州湾创新研究院, 海南三亚 572022;3.东寨港海草床资源保护与恢复海南省野外科学观测研究站, 海南海口 571129;4.北京市企业家环保基金会, 北京 100012) |
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| 摘要: |
| 海草床是近岸海洋生态系统的关键组成部分，具有固碳储碳、维持生物多样性、净化水质、稳定海岸带地形等重要生态功能。本文以2019—2023年海南省海洋与渔业科学院海草床系统调查结果为核心，结合国内外最新研究成果，系统解析海南岛及其近岸海草资源的地理分布格局，探究底质类型、水质环境、人类活动等因素对海草分布的影响机制，并提出适配海南岛海域特征的海草床保护与恢复策略。结果表明：海南岛及其近岸海草总分布面积约5 537.69 hm2，海草资源高度集中于港湾及潟湖近岸区域，呈东岸近岸密集、其余沿岸分散的分布特征，其中东岸近岸分布面积为4 218.10 hm2,占总分布面积的76.17%，为核心分布区；共记录海草4科9属14种，常见种2科6属10种，优势种区域分化显著，东岸、南岸近岸以泰来草(Thalassia hemprichii)、海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)为优势种，西岸、北岸近岸以贝克喜盐草(Halophila beccarii)、卵叶喜盐草(Halophila ovalis)为优势种；多物种共存近岸区域的海草植株呈现近岸矮小、远岸高大的梯度分布特征。底质类型是决定海南岛及其近岸海草物种基本分布格局的核心自然因素，水质环境(营养盐、盐度、水体透明度)进一步影响海草的分布范围与生长状况，而沿岸养殖、围填海等人类活动是导致近岸海草床退化的主要人为因素，且东岸与南岸主要受围填海影响，西岸与北岸主要受沿岸养殖干扰。基于研究结果，提出构建“精准监测—专项立法—分区保护—本土修复—全民参与”的全方位海草床保护体系，拟为海南岛近岸海草资源的保护与恢复提供本土化理论支撑和实践参考，推动海草床生态系统的可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 海南岛 近岸海草 海草床 地理分布 影响因素 保护策略 |
| DOI：10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20260424.002 |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-27修订日期：2026-01-02 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42306169，42166006)，海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024SHFZ146，ZDYF2025SHFZ037)，海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(323RC554)，海南省哲学社会科学规划课题[HNSK (YB)24-10]，自然资源部2024年度部省合作项目(2024ZRBSHZ102)，北京市企业家环保基金会项目(ZZ-1732754506，ZZ-1743654418)和深圳市质兰公益基金会捐赠项目(2024070051B)资助。 |
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| Analysis of the Geographical Distribution and Influencing Factors of Seagrass Resources in Hainan Island and Its Coastal Areas |
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SHEN Jie1,2,3, WANG Jing4, CHEN Shiquan1,2,3, CAI Zefu1,2,3, ZHANG Jian1,3, JIA Shuwen1,2,3, WANG Daoru1,2,3
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| (1.Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 570125, China;2.Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, Hainan, 572022, China;3.Dongzhaigang, Conservation and Restoration of Seagrass Bed Resources, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Haikou, Hainan, 571129, China;4.Society of Entrepreneurs & Ecology Foundation, Beijing, 100012, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The seagrass bed is a key component of the coastal marine ecosystem.It has important ecological functions such as carbon sequestration,carbon storage,maintenance of biodiversity,purification of water quality,and stabilization of coastal topography. Based on the survey results of the seagrass bed system of Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences from 2019 to 2023,combined with the latest research results at home and abroad,the geographical distribution pattern of seagrass resources in Hainan Island and its coastal areas was systematically analyzed.this paper systematically analyzes the geographical distribution pattern of seagrass resources in Hainan Island and its coastal areas,the mechanism of sediment type,water quality environment,human activities and other factors on the distribution of seagrasses was explored,and the protection and restoration strategies of seagrass beds suitable for the characteristics of Hainan Island were proposed in this article.The results showed that the total distribution area of seagrass in Hainan Island and its coastal areas was about 5 537.69 hm2.The seagrass resources were highly concentrated in the coastal areas of bays and lagoons,and the distribution characteristics were dominated by the east coast and dispersed along the other coasts.The distribution area of the east coast was 4 218.10 hm2,accounting for 76.17% of the total distribution area,which was the core distribution area.A total of 14 species of seagrass belonging to 9 genera and 4 families were recorded,and 10 common species belonging to 6 genera and 2 families were recorded.Regional dominant species differentiation was significant.Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were the dominant species in the east and south coasts,while Halophila beccarii and Halophila ovalis were the dominant species in the west and north coasts.The seagrass plants in the multi-species coexistence coastal area show the gradient distribution characteristics of near-shore short and far-shore tall.The sediment type is the core natural factor that determines the basic distribution pattern of seagrass species in Hainan Island and its coastal areas.The water quality environment (nutrients,salinity,water transparency) further affects the distribution range and growth status of seagrass.Human activities such as coastal aquaculture and reclamation are the main human factors that lead to the degradation of coastal seagrass beds.The south bank of the east coast is mainly affected by reclamation,and the north bank of the west coast is mainly affected by coastal aquaculture.Based on the research results,an all-round seagrass bed protection system of “precise monitoring-special legislation-zonal protection-local restoration-national participation” is proposed to provide localized theoretical support and practical reference for the conservation and restoration of coastal seagrass resources in Hainan Island,and promote the sustainable development of seagrass bed ecosystem. |
| Key words: Hainan Island coastal seagrass seagrass beds geographical distribution influencing factors conservation suggestion |
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