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李晓琼,熊涛,卢永鹏,郑伟,杨雪芳,吴昊,周晓果.外来树种人工林的生态风险与可持续经营策略[J].广西科学,2026,33(3):453-464. [点击复制]
- LI Xiaoqiong,XIONG Tao,LU Yongpeng,ZHENG Wei,YANG Xuefang,WU Hao,ZHOU Xiaoguo.Ecological Risks and Sustainable Management Strategies of Non-native Tree Plantations[J].Guangxi Sciences,2026,33(3):453-464. [点击复制]
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| 外来树种人工林的生态风险与可持续经营策略 |
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李晓琼1, 熊涛2, 卢永鹏1, 郑伟1, 杨雪芳3, 吴昊4, 周晓果5
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| (1.广西大学林学院, 广西森林生态与保育重点实验室, 广西南宁 530004;2.广西国有东门林场, 广西崇左 532108;3.河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071002;4.信阳师范大学生命科学学院, 河南信阳 464000;5.广西科学院生态环境研究所, 广西南宁 530007) |
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| 摘要: |
| 随着全球木材需求持续增长，外来树种人工林因其速生、高产的特性，在保障木材安全、缓解天然林采伐压力、促进乡村振兴等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，大规模单一树种纯林及短周期连作模式也引发了生物多样性下降、土壤退化、水资源消耗及生物入侵加剧等一系列生态问题。本文系统梳理了外来树种人工林生态影响的相关科学证据，从入侵性、病虫害传播载体、生物多样性、土壤及水资源等维度进行了归纳分析。结果表明，上述生态影响并非由外来树种自身属性所决定，而是经营模式、树种选择与立地条件匹配度的综合反映。通过科学的树种配置、混交经营、低干扰营林技术及全周期风险管控，可在保障经济效益的同时有效规避或缓解生态风险。通过构建贯穿全周期的科学风险评估体系，推广混交林与近自然经营模式，加强多学科交叉研究，并完善政策激励与市场调节机制，方能实现外来树种人工林可持续发展，推动人工林从以单一木材生产为目的向兼顾生态服务功能的多功能林业转型，为人工林可持续经营提供科学依据与实践路径。 |
| 关键词: 外来树种人工林 生态风险 可持续经营 生物入侵 生物多样性 管理策略 |
| DOI：10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.20260708.002 |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-26修订日期：2026-04-13 |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目(2024GXNSFAA010457)，广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD25069066)，国家自然科学基金项目(32360391)，大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202510593484)和广西自筹经费林业科技项目(2024GXZCLK13)资助。 |
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| Ecological Risks and Sustainable Management Strategies of Non-native Tree Plantations |
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LI Xiaoqiong1, XIONG Tao2, LU Yongpeng1, ZHENG Wei1, YANG Xuefang3, WU Hao4, ZHOU Xiaoguo5
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| (1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, School of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China;2.Dongmen State-owned Forest Farm, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532108, China;3.College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China;4.College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, China;5.Institute of Eco-environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China) |
| Abstract: |
| As the global demand for timber continues to grow,non-native tree plantations play an irreplaceable role in ensuring wood security,reducing harvesting pressure on natural forests,and promoting rural revitalization,owing to their fast-growing and high-yielding characteristics.However,large-scale monocultures and successive short-rotation have triggered a series of ecological problems,including biodiversity decline,soil degradation,water resource depletion,and increased biological invasion.This paper systematically reviews the scientific evidence concerning the ecological impacts of non-native tree plantations from the perspectives of invasiveness,pathogen and pest transmission,biodiversity,soil,and water resources.The results indicate that these ecological impacts are not determined solely by the non-native status of the tree species,but rather reflect the integrated outcomes of management regimes,species selection,and site matching.Through appropriate species configuration,mixed-species cultivation,low-disturbance silvicultural practices,and full-cycle risk management,it is feasible to effectively avoid or mitigate ecological risks while maintaining economic benefits.To achieve sustainable development of non-native tree plantations,it is necessary to establish a comprehensive,full-cycle scientific risk assessment framework,promote mixed and close-to-nature management models,strengthen interdisciplinary research,and improve policy incentives and market regulation mechanisms.Such efforts will facilitate the transformation of plantations from a single focus on timber production to a multifunctional forestry paradigm that integrates ecosystem services,providing scientific evidence and practical paths for sustainable plantation management. |
| Key words: non-native tree plantation ecological risk sustainable management biological invasion biodiversity management strategies |
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