| 引用本文： |
-
周晓果,温远光,刘世荣,明安刚,王晖,黄勇杰.从面积扩张到功能提升：中国人工林可持续经营范式转型[J].广西科学,2026,33(3):439-452. [点击复制]
- ZHOU Xiaoguo,WEN Yuanguang,LIU Shirong,MING Angang,WANG Hui,HUANG Yongjie.From Area Expansion to Functional Enhancement: A Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Management of Planted Forests in China[J].Guangxi Sciences,2026,33(3):439-452. [点击复制]
|
|
| |
|
|
| 本文已被：浏览 63次 下载 9次 |
码上扫一扫！ |
| 从面积扩张到功能提升：中国人工林可持续经营范式转型 |
|
周晓果1, 温远光1,2, 刘世荣3, 明安刚4, 王晖3, 黄勇杰1
|
|
|
| (1.广西科学院生态环境研究所, 广西南宁 530007;2.广西大学林学院, 广西南宁 530004;3.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091;4.中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心, 广西凭祥 532600) |
|
| 摘要: |
| 中国人工林面积居全球首位，在木材供给与生态修复中发挥了关键作用，但长期以面积扩张为主导的发展模式导致人工林生态系统结构简化、功能弱化、应对气候变化韧性不足，使得其面临着从面积扩张向质量与功能提升的历史性转型需求。本文系统梳理了中国人工林发展的主要成就与现存问题，指出其核心症结在于面积扩张与质量效能之间的结构性失衡。在生态风险层面，气候变化胁迫、病虫害激增与外来植物入侵影响相互叠加、循环放大，构成了人工林可持续发展的系统性挑战；在理论探索层面，多目标经营、结构化经营、生态营林、全周期经营等本土化理论体系逐步形成；在实践验证层面，近自然化改造与多树种混交模式的长期生态效益已得到定位研究证实，但其适用范围与长期综合效应仍需进一步厘清。立足本土实践，本文提出了5项转型对策——全过程科学绿化、生态营林、多树种混交复合经营、石漠化生态系统整体修复与生态产业化、针叶纯林近自然化改造，并构建了区域差异化实施框架。未来研究应聚焦于多功能协同与权衡机制、跨尺度生态效应、气候适应性经营及社会-生态耦合治理4个递进层次，推动人工林从人工培育的树木集合向自维持多功能生态系统转变，实现木材生产与生态服务的协同提升，为全球人工林可持续经营提供中国方案。 |
| 关键词: 人工林 可持续经营 生态系统服务 生态营林 气候变化适应 |
| DOI：10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.20260708.001 |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-16修订日期：2026-04-28 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32360310，32160358)，广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026328，2024GXNSFBA010328),广西科学院改革发展专项(2024YGFZ505-903)和广西自筹经费林业科技项目(2024GXZCLK13，2025GXZCLK23)资助。 |
|
| From Area Expansion to Functional Enhancement: A Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Management of Planted Forests in China |
|
ZHOU Xiaoguo1, WEN Yuanguang1,2, LIU Shirong3, MING Angang4, WANG Hui3, HUANG Yongjie1
|
| (1.Institute of Eco-Environment, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China;2.School of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China;3.Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China;4.Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 532600, China) |
| Abstract: |
| China possesses the largest area of planted forests in the world,which have played a critical role in timber supply and ecological restoration.However,the long-term development model dominated by area expansion has led to increasingly prominent problems such as simplified ecosystem structure,high functional vulnerability,and low climatic resilience.The planted forests in China are now facing the historic transition from area expansion towards quality and function enhancement.This paper systematically reviews the major achievements and existing problems in the development of planted forests in China and reveals the structural contradiction between area expansion and quality effectiveness.At the level of ecological risks,climate change stress,surge of pests and diseases,and alian plant invasion interact and amplify each other,constituting a systemic challenge to the sustainable management of planted forests.At the level of theoretical exploration,indigenous theoretical systems such as multi-objective management,structure-based forest management,eco-silviculture,and full-cycle management have gradually been established.At the level of practical verification,long-term ecological benefits of close-to-nature transformation and multi-species mixed forest models have been confirmed by long-term studies,although their applicability and long-term effects still need further clarification.Grounding on local practices,this paper proposes five transformative countermeasures—whole-process scientific greening,eco-silviculture,multi-species mixed management,integrated ecosystem restoration and ecological industrialization in karst rocky desertification areas,and close-to-nature transformation of coniferous pure forests,and establishes an implementation framework tailored to different regions.Future research should focus on four progressive levels—mechanisms of multi-function synergy and trade-offs,cross-scale ecological effects,climate-adaptive management,and social-ecological coupled governance—to drive the fundamental transformation of planted forests from man-made tree assemblages toward synergy between timber production and ecosystem services and self-sustaining multi-functional ecosystems,thereby providing a Chinese solution for the sustainable management of global planted forests. |
| Key words: planted forest sustainable management ecosystem services eco-silviculture climate change adaptation |
|
|
|
|
|
