| 摘要: |
| 为探讨不同饲料间营养搭配，优化热带海参配合饲料及提高糙海参人工养殖技术。本文研究了5种饲料对糙海参幼参生长和营养成分的影响。实验采用虾料、螺旋藻粉、马尾藻粉、配合饲料和发酵饲料（由配合饲料、马尾藻粉、丁酸梭菌、海洋红酵母和螺旋藻粉按一定比例混合发酵）投喂幼参（体重为1.06±0.2 g），养殖周期40 d，最后测定幼参的体重、特定生长率（SGR）及体壁营养成分。结果显示，40 d时配合饲料组和发酵饲料组幼参体重和SGR最高，均显著高于其余饲料组(P＜0.05)。配合饲料、虾料组幼参粗蛋白含量显著高于马尾藻粉组、螺旋藻粉组(P＜0.05)，发酵饲料组与其余组均无显著差异(P＞0.05)；配合饲料、发酵饲料以及虾料组幼参含水率显著高于螺旋藻粉组、马尾藻粉组以及实验初始时幼参的含量(P＜0.05)；马尾藻粉组幼参灰分含量显著高于对虾组、配合饲料组以及实验初始时幼参的含量(P＜0.05)；虾料组幼参能值显著高于其余组(P＜0.05)，马尾藻粉、螺旋藻粉组显著低于其余组(P＜0.05)。在幼参总氨基酸（TAA）、必需氨基酸（EAA）、半必需氨基酸（SEAA）和呈味氨基酸（FAA）含量方面，配合饲料组、发酵饲料组和虾料组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，且显著高于马尾藻组、螺旋藻组（P<0.05）。综上所述，投喂配合饲料和发酵饲料的糙海参幼参生长效果最佳，可为糙海参幼参养殖管理以及其饲料研发提供一定数据支撑。 |
| 关键词: 糙海参，饲料，生长，体壁，营养成分 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-29修订日期：2024-03-06 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31960225); 广西自然科学基金(2021GXNSFAA196074); |
|
| The effects of 5 types of feed on the growth and body composition of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra |
|
liujing1, LIU Xujia2, lizhiqiao3, laijunxiang4, Jiangfajun4, Huchaoqun4
|
| (1.Beibu Gulf University;2.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center,Guangxi Academy of Sciences;3.Guangxi University;4.Guangxi Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to explore the nutritional combination, optimize the tropical sea cucumber feed and improve the artificial breeding technology of Holothuria scabra. The effects of five different feeds on the growth and body composition of juvenile Holothuria scabra were investigated. The experiment used shrimp feed, spirulina powder, sargassum powder, commercial formula feed and fermentation feed (a mixture of commercial formula feed of sea cucumber juvenile, Sargassum powder, Clostridium butyrate, Rhodotorula benthica and Spirulina powder fermented in a certain proportion). The juvenile sea cucumbers with a weight of 1.06±0.2 g were fed for a cultivation period of 40 days, and the final measurements were taken for the weight, specific growth rate, and body wall nutrient composition of the juveniles. The result showed that the juveniles in the commercial formula feed and fermented feed groups had the highest weight and SGR at 40 days, significantly higher than the sargassum powder group (P<0.05). The crude protein content of the juveniles in the commercial formula feed and shrimp feed groups was significantly higher than that of the sargassum powder and spirulina powder groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the fermented feed group and the other groups (P>0.05). The moisture content of the juveniles in the commercial formula feed, fermented feed, and shrimp feed groups was significantly higher than that of the initial group, spirulina powder group, and sargassum powder group (P<0.05). The ash content of the sargassum powder group was significantly higher than that of the shrimp group, commercial formula feed group, and initial content (P<0.05). The energy value of the juveniles in the shrimp feed group was the highest and significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05), while the sargassum powder and spirulina groups were significantly lower than the other treatments (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total amino acid (TAA), essential amino acid (EAA), semi-essential amino acid (SEAA), and flavor amino acid (FAA) content between the commercial formula feed, fermented feed, and shrimp feed groups (P>0.05), and they were significantly higher than the sargassum powder group and spirulina powder group (P<0.05). In conclusion, feeding with commercial formula feed and fermented feed resulted in the best growth performance for juvenile Holothuria scabra. This study provides certain data support for the healthy cultivation management and feed development of juvenile Holothuria scabra. |
| Key words: Holothuria scabra, feed,growth, body wall, nutrient composition |
