| 摘要: |
| 几丁质是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的天然多糖，其脱乙酰产物壳聚糖因理化性质优越而备受工业生产的青睐。几丁质脱乙酰酶（chitin deacetylase, CDA）可在温和条件下将几丁质脱乙酰化为活性更高的壳聚糖，该过程具有绿色、高效、特异、节能等系列优点，已成为目前几丁质研究领域的热点之一。因此，本文主要综述了CDA自上世纪八十年代至今的研究进展，重点介绍了微生物CDA的来源、酶学性质和催化底物脱乙酰的机制模式，并就CDA在几丁质生物转化为壳聚糖的应用研究进行了探讨，以期为几丁质资源的高效生物转化利用提供理论参考。 |
| 关键词: 几丁质 壳聚糖 几丁质脱乙酰酶 脱乙酰模式 催化机制 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2026-04-14修订日期：2026-08-14 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Advances in Research on Microbial Chitin Deacetylase |
|
Zhang Hongyan, Xie Junjie, Yan Yizhe, Wei Yuling, Shen Naikun
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| (Guangxi Minzu University) |
| Abstract: |
| Chitin is ubiquitously distributed in nature and ranks as the second most abundant natural polysaccharide, surpassed only by cellulose. However, its highly crystalline structure renders native chitin insoluble in most conventional solvents and reagents, thereby impeding its practical development and application. In contrast, chitosan, the partially or fully deacetylated derivative of chitin, exhibits markedly improved solubility and superior physicochemical properties, making it increasingly attractive for industrial applications. At present, the predominant industrial method for chitosan production involves chemical deacetylation using large quantities of strong acids and alkalis. While effective, this process suffers from significant drawbacks, including high energy consumption, substantial chemical waste generation, and environmental burden, challenges that are increasingly incompatible with stringent global environmental regulations. Chitin deacetylase (CDA), a naturally occurring enzyme capable of catalyzing the site-specific deacetylation of chitin under mild reaction conditions, offers a promising green alternative. Enzymatic deacetylation mediated by CDA is characterized by high catalytic efficiency, excellent regioselectivity, low energy demand, and minimal environmental impact, attributes that position it as a focal point in contemporary chitin biotechnology research. Accordingly, this review comprehensively summarizes the research progress on CDA from the 1980s to the present, with particular emphasis on the microbial origins of CDA, its biochemical and enzymatic characteristics, and current mechanistic models of catalytic deacetylation. Furthermore, we critically examine recent advances in the application of CDA for the biological conversion of chitin to chitosan, aiming to provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical insights to advance the efficient, sustainable, and value-added utilization of chitin resources. |
| Key words: chitin chitosan chitin deacetylase pattern of deacetylation catalytic mechanism |
