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黄科朝,周龙武,张兴明,韦玉赏,杨宇萍,韦金鑫,丁涛.珍稀濒危植物元宝山冷杉研究进展及保护现状[J].广西科学院学报,2026,42(2):209-217. [点击复制]
- HUANG Kechao,ZHOU Longwu,ZHANG Xingming,WEI Yushang,YANG Yuping,WEI Jinxin,DING Tao.Research Progress and Conservation Status of the Rare and Endangered Abies yuanbaoshanensis[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2026,42(2):209-217. [点击复制]
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| 珍稀濒危植物元宝山冷杉研究进展及保护现状 |
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黄科朝1, 周龙武1, 张兴明2, 韦玉赏3, 杨宇萍3, 韦金鑫1, 丁涛1,4
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| (1.广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保护与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006;2.武昌首义学院智慧城市与生命健康学院, 湖北武汉 430064;3.融水苗族自治县元宝山国家级自然保护区管理中心, 广西柳州 545300;4.桂林兴安漓江源森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西桂林 541316) |
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| 摘要: |
| 元宝山冷杉(Abies yuanbaoshanensis)是我国特有的极危(CR)松科(Pinaceae)孑遗植物，现存野生成年个体802株，种群呈现以老龄树为主的衰退型结构。本文系统综述了元宝山冷杉近年来的研究进展及目前的保护现状：生物学与繁殖特性上，该树种具有典型的针叶乔木形态，需湿冷生境，繁殖力极弱，结实周期长且具有大小年现象；生态学上，种群呈衰退型结构(老龄树多、幼龄树稀缺)，空间分布由集群分布向均匀分布过渡，群落以针阔混交林为主，林窗内更新优于林冠下；遗传学上，其种群遗传多样性低下，近交率高，叶绿体单倍型单一，适应潜力有限；濒危机制上，其濒危是内外因素协同作用的结果，外部因素包括气候变暖、生境斑块化与人为干扰，内部因素则涉及自身更新障碍及遗传多样性低等。当前元宝山冷杉的种群保护以就地保育和人工繁殖为主，但仍存在研究系统性不足、繁殖技术瓶颈突出及跨学科协作缺乏等问题。未来需整合基因组学、生殖生理及群落动态研究，通过生境修复与遗传资源管理以提升种群的恢复潜力。 |
| 关键词: 元宝山冷杉 濒危机制 遗传多样性 气候变化 |
| DOI：10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20260819.009 |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-29修订日期：2025-11-05 |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFAA069946，2025GXNSFAA069161)和湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划指导性项目(B2022399)资助。 |
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| Research Progress and Conservation Status of the Rare and Endangered Abies yuanbaoshanensis |
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HUANG Kechao1, ZHOU Longwu1, ZHANG Xingming2, WEI Yushang3, YANG Yuping3, WEI Jinxin1, DING Tao1,4
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| (1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, China;2.School of Smart City and Life Health, Wuchang Shouyi University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, China;3.Management Center of Yuanbaoshan National Nature Reserve, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545300, China;4.Guilin Xing'an Lijiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guilin, Guangxi, 541316, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Abies yuanbaoshanensis is a critically endangered (CR) relict species of the Pinaceae family endemic to China.There are 802 existing wild adult individuals,and the population presents a declining structure dominated by old trees.This article systematically reviews the research progress and current protection status of A.yuanbaoshanensis in recent years.In terms of biological and reproductive characteristics,this tree species exhibits typical coniferous tree morphology,requires humid and cold habitats,and has extremely weak reproductive capacity with a long fruiting cycle accompanied by mast seeding.Ecologically,the population shows a declining age structure (dominated by old trees and scarce in juveniles).Its spatial distribution is transitioning from clumped to uniform.The community is primarily coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest,and seedling regeneration is better in forest gaps than under closed canopy.Genetically,the population possesses low genetic diversity and a high inbreeding rate,with a single chloroplast haplotype,leading to limited adaptive potential.In terms of endangered mechanisms,its endangerment results from the synergistic effects of internal and external factors.External factors include climate warming,habitat fragmentation and human disturbance,while internal factors involve inherent regeneration barriers and low genetic diversity.At present,the conservation of A.yuanbaoshanensis mainly relies on in situ conservation and artificial propagation.Nevertheless,multiple challenges remain,including insufficient systematic research,prominent bottlenecks in propagation techniques,and a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration.In the future,studies on genomics,reproductive physiology and community dynamics need to be integrated,and habitat restoration together with genetic resource management should be carried out to enhance the population's recovery potential. |
| Key words: Abies yuanbaoshanensis mechanism of endangerment genetic diversity climate change |
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