| 摘要: |
| 大型底栖动物是红树林湿地中的消费者，也是重要的次级生产力和经济类群，更是红树林湿地生态系统物质循环和能量流动的关键环节。红树林湿地环境带来的调查困难和底栖动物分类学困难导致了目前对红树林湿地中大型底栖动物的生态功能和多样性维持机制的认识不足，这使得现有的红树林湿地生态系统的保护与修复工作中极少关注底栖动物的多样性。本文总结了红树林湿地主要大型底栖动物类群的生态功能，阐述了红树林湿地的生境异质性对于维持大型底栖动物多样性的重要性，强调了红树林湿地作为一个“林—滩—沟”景观复合体对生物多样性维持的关键作用。红树林湿地大型底栖动物目前面临着多种胁迫，主要包括生境丧失与转化、外来物种入侵、污染和过度捕捞等。未来的研究需要加强对红树树林湿地底栖动物的群落特征、生物多样性等基础数据库的完善，尤其是厘清大型底栖动物在在红树林湿地中主要的盐度梯度和高程梯度下的群落结构的变化规律。在摸清大型底栖动物多样性家底的条件下对底栖动物生物资源进行可持续的利用。对于已经受到严重捕捞活动干扰的区域和生物类群，建议逐步推进“封滩轮育”以促进多样性的恢复。未来红树林湿地的保护和修复规划要考虑各类群大型底栖动物的生境需求，在进行红树林植被恢复的同时为底栖动物留出额外的非植被生境，通过红树植物物种的搭配营造不同的林下生境。 |
| 关键词: 红树林 大型底栖动物 生物多样性 生态修复 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-31修订日期：2024-11-07 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(42076161) |
|
| Ecological Functions and Diversity Conservation Needs of Macrobenthos in Mangrove Wetlands |
|
ZHANG Lin1,2, WANG Mao3, WANG Wenqing3
|
| (1.College of the Environment&2.Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian;3.College of the Environment Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian) |
| Abstract: |
| Macrobenthos are key consumers in mangrove wetlands, contributing significantly to secondary productivity and playing an essential role in the material cycling and energy flow within these ecosystems. The challenging environment of mangrove wetlands and the difficulties in benthic animal taxonomy have led to insufficient understanding of the ecological functions and diversity maintenance mechanisms of benthic organisms, limiting functional protection and ecological restoration of mangrove ecosystems. This paper summarizes the ecological functions of major macrobenthos groups in mangrove wetlands, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in maintaining their diversity and emphasizing the critical role of mangroves as a landscape complex for biodiversity maintenance. Macrobenthos currently face various stresses, including habitat loss and alteration, invasive species, environmental pollution, and overfishing. Future research should enhance foundational databases on community characteristics and biodiversity of macrobenthos in mangrove wetlands, particularly investigating changes in community structure along salinity and elevation gradients. Sustainable resource use should be pursued once a clear understanding of these populations is established. For regions and species heavily impacted by fishing activities, the "rotational closure and nursery" technique is recommended to promote diversity recovery. Future conservation and restoration plans for mangroves should consider the habitat needs of various benthic animal groups, incorporating non-vegetation habitats alongside mangrove vegetation restoration, and creating diverse understory habitats through strategic planting of different mangrove species. |
| Key words: Mangroves, Macrobenthos, Biodiversity, Ecological restoration. |
