| 摘要: |
| 青海湖作为青海省最大的内陆咸水湖，其水质状况对维系区域生态环境平衡具有重要意义，为系统评估青海湖水质状况及其时空变化特征，本研究于2024年夏秋两季对青海湖主湖区及七条主要入湖河流的表层水体进行了系统采样，测定多项水质指标，运用克里金插值法、单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对青海湖水质状况进行量化评价。结果显示：青海湖水体夏秋两季Chl a浓度具有显著的时空差异性。时间上秋季Chl a浓度显著高于夏季，空间分布上则呈现入湖河口附近低，并向湖中心递增的趋势。TN、TP、NH3-N、NO3--N空间分布特征与Chl a分布特征相似，DO则相反。相关性分析揭示，秋季Chl a浓度与TP浓度呈极显著正相关（p<0.01），夏季Chl a浓度与TN浓度呈极显著正相关（p<0.01），与DO呈显著负相关（p<0.05）。水质评价结果显示，青海湖主体水质达到Ⅱ类标准，整体状况良好，但黑马河入湖支流区域水质呈现中度污染态势。鉴于该区域人类活动强度较高，存在水质持续恶化风险，建议相关管理部门加强监管。 |
| 关键词: 青海湖 叶绿素a 空间插值 内梅罗综合污染指数法 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-18修订日期：2025-05-16 |
| 基金项目:青海省中央引导地方科技发展基金资助项目（2022ZY042）；青海湖水环境健康安全诊断与评估技术研究项目（NO. k991933） |
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| Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics and Evaluation of Surface Water Quality in Qinghai Lake |
|
maxujie, niuhailin, shijing, chenshengcun
|
| (Qinghai University) |
| Abstract: |
| As the largest inland saltwater lake in Qinghai Province, the water quality of Qinghai Lake is of great significance for maintaining the regional ecological environment balance. In order to systematically evaluate the water quality of Qinghai Lake and its temporal and spatial variation characteristics, this study systematically sampled the surface water of the main lake area of Qinghai Lake and seven major rivers entering the lake in summer and autumn of 2024, determined a number of water quality indicators, and quantitatively evaluated the water quality of Qinghai Lake by using Kriging interpolation method, single factor index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method. The results show that the Chl a concentration in Qinghai Lake in summer and autumn is significantly different in time and space. The concentration of Chl a in autumn is significantly higher than that in summer, but the spatial distribution is low near the estuary of the lake and increasing towards the center of the lake. The spatial distribution characteristics of TN, TP, NH3-N and NO3-N are similar to those of Chl a, but DO is the opposite. Correlation analysis revealed that Chl a concentration was positively correlated with TP concentration in autumn (p<0.01), while Chl a concentration was positively correlated with TN concentration in summer (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with DO (p<0.05). The results of water quality evaluation show that the main water quality of Qinghai Lake reaches Class II standard and the overall situation is good, but the Heima River enters the tributary area of the lake. |
| Key words: Qinghai Lake Chlorophyll a Spatial interpolation Nemerow pollution index method. |
