| 摘要: |
| 为识别漓江水体中对旅游扰动敏感的微生物靶标，探讨差异性物种与环境因子的关系，并量化旅游发展对微生物群落差异的贡献度，本研究于2024年9月在漓江风景名胜区设置9个采样点（景区上下游分组），采集表层水及沉积物样品；基于宏基因组测序分析技术，分析景区上下游组间微生物群落多样性、组间微生物物种和功能差异、微生物靶标与旅游环境因子相关关系。结果表明：（1）景区下游区域显著富集与氮循环、硫循环及有机物降解相关的微生物种群和标志性功能（氨基酸代谢、外源性生物降解及信号转导等），提示该区域有明显氮源输入，有机负荷增加；（2）与旅游活动相关的沉积物扰动、营养盐浓度的变化是驱动微生物群落重构的重要因素；（3）识别出硝化球菌门、氮氧螺菌门、匍枝藻属等51类微生物标志性物种和信号转导、膜运输、氨基酸代谢等8个标志性功能，预测准确性较高，可作为旅游扰动的生物靶标。（4）沉积物锌、沉积物总氮、沉积物总无机碳、沉积物铬及游客数量是影响微生物群落分布的主导环境因子。旅游活动通过改变水体和沉积物的理化性质，间接影响微生物群落的组成和功能多样性。本研究揭示了漓江水体微生态对旅游扰动的响应机制，表明基于宏基因组技术的微生态分析可作为旅游水生态研究的新工具，为漓江风景名胜区旅游发展与漓江保护提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 漓江风景名胜区 微生物 宏基因组 旅游扰动 水生态 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-08修订日期：2025-04-28 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(72064007)项目资助。 |
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| Study on the Response of Aquatic Microecology to Tourism Disturbance in Lijiang River Scenic Area Based on Metagenomic Sequencing |
|
feng ya li1, huang yan ling2, sun rui ze2, wang yong kang2, zeng de rong2
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| (1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology;2.Guilin University of Technology) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to identify microbial targets sensitive to tourism disturbance in the water bodies of the Lijiang River, explore the relationship between differential species and environmental factors, and quantify the contribution of tourism development to microbial community differences. In September 2024, nine sampling sites were established in the Guilin Scenic Area (grouped by upstream and downstream regions). Surface water and sediment samples were collected, and microbial community diversity, inter-group species and functional differences, as well as the correlation between microbial biomarkers and tourism-related environmental factors, were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing techniques. The results showed that: (1) The downstream region of the scenic area significantly enriched with microbial populations and key functions (amino acid metabolism, exogenous biodegradation and signal transduction, etc.) related to nitrogen cycling, sulfur cycling, and organic matter degradation, suggesting substantial nitrogen input and increased organic load in this area. (2) Sediment disturbance, microplastic accumulation, and changes in salinity associated with tourism activities were identified as key drivers of microbial community reassembly. (3) 51 characteristic microbial species, including Nitrososphaerota, Nitrospirota, and Cladocopium, along with 8 important functional pathways such as Signal transduction, Membrane transport, and Amino acid metabolism, were identified. The predictive accuracy is relatively high, suggesting these as potential biological targets for monitoring tourism disturbance. (4) Sediment Zn, Sediment TN, Sediment TIC, sediment Cr, and Tourist numberswere found to be the dominant environmental factors influencing microbial community distribution. Tourism activities indirectly affected the composition and functional diversity of microbial communities by altering the physicochemical properties of water and sediments. The results of the study revealed the response mechanisms of the Guilin water microbiome to tourism disturbance, highlighting the utility of metagenomic-based microbial analysis as a novel tool in tourism water ecology research. which provides scientific evidence for the sustainable tourism development and conservation of Lijiang River Scenic Area. |
| Key words: Lijiang River Scenic Area Microorganisms Metagenomics Tourism Disturbance Aquatic Ecology |
