| 摘要: |
| 鱼类物种组成、多样性及其与环境因子之间的关系是流域鱼类资源与河流生态系统保育的关键,尤其对独流入海河流尤为重要。根据2021年7月~8月在北部湾南流江干支流布设13个站位进行鱼类资源调查数据,运用Margalef物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数分析南流江鱼类物种组成和多样性,并运用典型对应性分析其与环境因子间的关系。研究结果表明:南流江流域采集鱼类共3507尾,隶属于6目20科50属58种,优势种为多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama)和尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus),鱼类多样性整体处于较丰富级别,空间差异明显,整体表现为中游地区＞上游地区＞下游地区。南流江群落相似度属于中等—较低水平,具有空间性,相邻站位相似性较高,相似性随站位距离的增加而降低。典型对应性分析(CCA)显示,南流江鱼类群结构主要受Width影响,其次受ALT、NH3·N环境因子影响。与历史资料相比,43年间南流江鱼类群落结构发生显著变化,原32种(55.17%)淡水鱼类未采集到,入侵物种尼罗罗非鱼已成为站位的优势种(46.15%)。建议进一步加强关键区水体NH3·N负荷削减、严格控制外来物种入侵、开展鱼类洄游通道和生境修复等。 |
| 关键词: 鱼类群落结构 多样性分析 典范对应分析 淡水鱼类 南流江 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-01修订日期：2025-01-20 |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Analysis of fish species composition and diversity in the southwest river basin of Guangxi |
|
Liu Jinhuan, Zhao Yinjun
|
| (College of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University) |
| Abstract: |
| The composition and diversity of fish species and their relationship with environmental factors are key to the conservation of fish resources and river ecosystems in river basins, especially for rivers that flow into the sea alone. According to the fish stock survey data of 13 stations in the main tributaries of the Nanliu River in Beibu Gulf in July~August 2021, the species composition and diversity of fish species in the Nanliu River were analyzed by using the Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou uniformity index and Simpson dominance index, and the relationship between them and environmental factors was analyzed by using typical correspondence. The results showed that a total of 3507 fish were collected in the Nanliu River Basin, belonging to 58 species of 50 genera in 20 families of 6 orders, and the dominant species were multi-scaled squid and Nile tilapia, and the overall fish diversity was at a rich level, with obvious spatial differences, and the overall performance was in the middle and upper reaches of > upper > downstream areas. The similarity of Nanliujiang communities is medium-low and spatial, and the similarity of adjacent stations is high, and the similarity decreases with the increase of station distance. Typical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the structure of fish stocks in the Nanliu River was mainly affected by ALT, Width and CODMn. Compared with historical data, the community structure of fish in Nanliu River has changed significantly in the past 43 years, and the original 32 species (55.17%) of freshwater fish have not been collected, and the invasive species Nile tilapia has become the dominant species in 46.15%. It is recommended to further strengthen CODMn load reduction in water bodies in key areas, strictly control the invasion of alien species, and carry out fish migration channels and habitat restoration. |
| Key words: fish community structure diversity analysis exemplary correspondence analysis freshwater fish Nanliu River |
