| 摘要: |
| 卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus ovatus）是当前广西养殖产量最大的海水鱼，养殖产量长期排名全国第二，主要集中于北部湾海域，养殖模式以深海网箱为主。然而，在北部湾地区现存的两个主要问题仍制约了深海网箱养殖模式的高效发展：一是北部湾地区早春气温和水温偏低，导致传统露天池塘培育的卵形鲳鲹苗种成活率低、生长慢、周期长，因此依赖海南和广东供应，但长距离运输易造成苗种质量下降和成活率降低，增加养殖成本。二是深海网箱养殖面临风浪大、网衣变形刮伤小规格幼鱼、投喂困难等问题，影响养殖收益。因此，为解决苗种质量问题和保障大规格苗种的供应，本团队结合生产实践研发出“三段式”陆海接力养殖新模式，包括室外温棚育苗、鱼苗中间培育（露天池塘小规格苗种培育和近海网箱大规格苗种培育）和深海网箱成鱼养殖三个阶段，有机结合卵形鲳鲹陆基育苗、网箱分级养殖等技术，不仅缩短了卵形鲳鲹鱼苗出苗所需时间，还大幅提高了卵形鲳鲹鱼苗在苗种培育和深海网箱成鱼养殖过程中的成活率，从而达到节约养殖成本和提高养殖效益目的。本文总结了卵形鲳鲹“三段式”陆海接力养殖新模式的内容，分析了该模式面临的问题及对策，并对该模式进行了经济效益分析，为北部湾地区海洋牧场深远海养殖业的进一步发展提供技术支撑。 |
| 关键词: 北部湾,卵形鲳鲹,苗种,陆海接力,三段式 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-13修订日期：2025-01-16 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“北部湾陆海接力智慧渔场养殖装备与新模式”（2022YFD2401200） |
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| The "three-stage" Onshore-offshore Relay Aquaculture New Model for the Cultivation of Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) in Marine Ranches |
|
LI Yichao1, WEI Mingl2, YAO Jiuxiang2, JIANG Linyuan2, YUAN Changan1, JIANG Weiming2, YU Ermeng1,2
|
| (1.Guangxi Academy of Sciences;2.Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences) |
| Abstract: |
| The golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is currently the most extensively cultured marine fish in Guangxi, with its cultivation output consistently ranking second nationwide in China. The Beibu Gulf area is the epicenter of Trachinotus ovatus farming, where deep-sea cage culture is the predominant method of cultivation. However, two primary challenges in the Beibu Gulf region continue to impede the efficient advancement of deep-sea cage aquaculture for Trachinotus ovatus. Firstly, the air and water temperatures in the early spring are notably low, leading to a diminished survival rate and sluggish growth for Trachinotus ovatus fingerlings reared under traditional open pond settings. Consequently, the region's supply of Trachinotus ovatus fingerlings heavily depends on imports from Hainan and Guangdong, which, due to the long-distance transport, often results in fluctuating quality and diminished survival rates of rachinotus ovatus fingerlings, and escalated aquaculture costs. Secondly, the Trachinotus ovatus fingerlings cultured in deep-sea net cages face problems such as strong winds and waves, easy scratching of fingerlings by net cages, and difficulty in feeding, resulting in reduced aquaculture profits. Therefore, to tackle the quality concerns of Trachinotus ovatus fingerlings and secure a reliable supply of large-sized fry, our team, in combination with practical production experience, has crafted an innovative "three-stage" onshore-offshore relay aquaculture model, which includes cultivation of larvae in outdoor greenhouse, intermediate cultivation of fish fry (cultivation of small-sized fry in open-air ponds and large-sized fingerlings cultivation in offshore net cages), and adult fish cultivation in deep-sea net cages. This model integrates onshore rearing of Trachinotus ovatus fingerlings with graded cage culture techniques, which not only condenses the timeline for producing Trachinotus ovatus fingerlings but also markedly enhances their survival rates throughout the nursery phase and deep-sea cage culture. As a result, this approach effectively reduces aquaculture costs and bolsters the overall profitability of the operation. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the "three-stage" Onshore-offshore Relay Aquaculture New Model for the Cultivation of Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) in Marine Ranches. It examines the challenges and strategies associated with this model and conducts an economic analysis of its benefits. The aim is to offer technical support for the advancement of deep-sea aquaculture in the Beibu Gulf region. |
| Key words: Beibu Gulf area, Trachinotus ovatus, fingerlings, onshore-offshore relay, three-stage |
