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| 典型海岸带生态系统碳汇潜力评估与开发研究 |
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宋莎莎1,2, 安 伟1,2, 吴翌丹1,2, 赵建平1,2, 张庆范1,2
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| (1.中海油能源发展股份有限公司安全环保分公司;2.中海油能源发展股份有限公司海上油田安全环保重点实验室) |
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| 摘要: |
| 海岸带生态系统固碳增汇是应对气候变化的重要路径。目前海岸带生态修复和渔业碳汇潜力的估算大多是局地、相对零散的研究，缺少相对统一的估算标准和系统的估算，且数据资料相对滞后。本文基于海岸带生态系统与贝藻类渔业资源状况，系统量化了红树林、滨海盐沼、海草床生态系统和贝藻类渔业碳汇潜力。研究表明：全国典型海岸带生态系统每年自然增汇潜力超过60万吨，增汇潜力依次为滨海盐沼>红树林>海草床，其中滨海盐沼每年自然增汇潜力约为52万吨碳，辽宁、山东、江苏、上海、浙江等地增汇潜力较大，年增汇潜力均超过4万吨。2020-2025年渤海区域盐沼、海草床生态修复与全国红树林保护修复增汇总量预计将达到40万吨，红树林修复区域碳汇量约为34万吨碳。2020-2022年我国养殖贝藻类固碳总量分别为191、228和196万吨，其中贝类固碳占比分别为62%，67%和64%，牡蛎、海带分别为固碳量最大的贝类和藻类，山东、福建、辽宁贝藻类固碳量比例为70%。在此基础上，讨论了国际碳认证机制、国家核证自愿减排量机制、地方碳普惠等海洋碳汇开发机制的适用条件与应用场景，以期为国家海洋生态保护修复、碳汇开发提供支持。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生态保护修复 碳汇潜力 碳汇开发 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-09修订日期：2024-12-09 |
| 基金项目:中海油能源发展股份有限公司海上油田安全环保重点实验室项目 |
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| Research on the Potential and Development of Carbon Sequestration in Representative Coastal Ecosystems |
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| Abstract: |
| Ecological restoration aimed at enhancing carbon sinks represents a crucial strategy for mitigating climate change. Current evaluations of the carbon sequestration potential associated with ecological restoration and fisheries are predominantly localized, fragmented, and hindered by delays in data availability. This paper endeavors to quantify the carbon sink potential of various coastal ecosystems, including mangroves, coastal salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and the protection and rehabilitation of these ecosystems, as well as shellfish and algal aquaculture. Research indicates that coastal ecosystems in China possess a natural carbon sink capacity exceeding 600,000 tons annually, with coastal salt marshes contributing the largest carbon sink, estimated at 40,000 tons per year across the provinces of Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang. The total carbon sink resulting from the restoration of salt marshes and seagrass in the Bohai Sea, in conjunction with national mangrove restoration efforts from 2020 to 2025, is projected to reach 0.4 million tons, of which 0.34 million tons is attributed to mangrove restoration. Furthermore, the carbon sink contributions from shellfish and algae in China from 2020 to 2022 were estimated at 1.91 million tons, 2.28 million tons, and 1.96 million tons, respectively, with shellfish accounting for 62%, 67%, and 64% of these totals. Notably, Ostreidae and Laminaria japonica exhibit the highest carbon sink potential, with the carbon sink contributions from the provinces of Shandong, Fujian, and Liaoning comprising 70% of the overall total. This study also discusses the applicable conditions and scenarios for development mechanisms, including international carbon verification frameworks, national emission reduction strategies, and local carbon-inclusive approaches, to support ecological restoration and carbon development initiatives. |
| Key words: Marine ecosystem protection and restoration Carbon sequestration potential Carbon sink development. |
